Insurgency and internally displaced persons idps in nigeria. Government reports have tried to explain the complicated situation, assess the number of deaths and come up with policy recommendations. To interrogate and address the fundamental issues central to the paper, the paper is. Ethnoreligious conflict in jos, nigeria philip ostien abstract conflict between. There is ample evidence that the regions postindependence government provided. Good governance, conflicts, ethno religious identities, clashes of civilization and.
Contemporary ethnic and religious crises in kaduna state. Religious conflict in nigeria goes as far back as 1953, and in the case of the town of tafawa balewa, to 1948. It is rich but nigerians are poor, many extremely so, its members are from different ethnic, political and religious communities. Apr 17, 2012 an assessment of these crises, as well as their effects on the socioeconomic fabric of nigeria will be carried out, in a view to profer solutions. Causes of ethno religious crises in nigeria machava 2008. Communal and ethnoreligious crises and their implications. While the root causes of extremism and interreligious conflict in northern nigeria have eluded manystudies,historical accounts have shown that the current pattern of ethno religious intolerance was not always the case. Ethno religious conflict in jos, nigeria, intensely dissected the ethno religious crisis in jos and proffered workable solutions. The roots of nigerias religious and ethnic conflict the.
By muhammad gambo isgogo hassan adamu makuku umar hamidu aliyu abstract introduction nigeria is no doubt a populous nation of over 88 million 1991 population census but as at now nigeria s population is estimated to be above 120 million people of diverse ethnic groups and many religions. In nigeria for example, every citizen has recognized it as a critical and major problem which is largely blamed on flood, erosion and conflicts. The root cause of this set of riot was the introduction of the islamic legal code sharia by some. Ethnoreligious conflicts and democracy in nigeria dr. The recurrent crisis in and around jos has const many lives and the root causes have yet to be addressed.
These clashes have unquantifiable debilitating effects on the equilibrium of housing supply and delivery. Some cases of religious violence in nigeria, 19992012 no date states nature remarks 1 1 jul. Suggested citation abdulkadir, abubakar, a diary of ethnoreligious crises in nigeria. Religious crisis in nigeria did not start overnight but has its roots in a systematic islamic expansionist agenda for the nation. Pdf ethnoreligious crisis as a threat to the stability of nigerias. Abstract since the 1914 amalgamation of the northern and southern regions of nigeria by the british colonial government, nigerians have continued to debate the issues of peaceful coexistence among the various ethnic groups on the one hand, and between. Ethnoreligious conflict in jos, nigeria, intensely dissected the ethnoreligious crisis in jos and proffered workable solutions. The paper investigates the religious and political implications of herdsmen and farmers crisis in nigeria. Furthermore, no religious conflict in the nation is purely religious without ethnicity playing its way in it. We decided to take a look at the possible solutions and major causes of violence in nigeria from a different angle naijaquest. The effects of religious crisis on economic development in. Request pdf a diary of ethnoreligious crises in nigeria.
Religious conflicts in nigeria by barry mason and chris talbot 28 february 2000 violent religious clashes broke out in the city of kaduna in northern nigeria on february 21 and have continued. Ethnoreligious crises simply occur as a result of religious intolerance. The study investigated the effects of ethno religious conflicts on economic development of nigeria. Yola it is estimated that over one hundred thousand nigerians have lost their lives in ethnoreligious crisis that have engulfed the country since the enthronement of democracy in 1979. Causal analysis and proposals for new management strategies.
So, impact of ethnoreligious crises on socio economic activities in wukari local government area will be xrayed with a view to proffering some recommendations to forestall future occurrence. Colonial masters play a vital role in the growth of ethno religious conflicts, these colonial masters brought the christianity with them and try to penetrate the western values in the system of nigeria. Nigerian christians should not assume that the current wave of persecution of christians in the northern parts of the country is an abnormality or an aberration in the pages of the nations history. The ethno religious violence that has engulfed jos, central nigeria, in recent years has generated an unimaginable level of hatred between the locals and the alleged settlers who are generally divided along religious lines as a result of the dissemination of gory images of victims on the internet. The igbo massacre of 1966 in the north that followed the countercoup of the same year had as a dual cause the igbo officers coup and preexisting sectarian. Ntroduction nigeria presents a complex of individual as well as a conflation and recursive identities of which the ethnic, religious, regional and subethnic communal are the most salient and the main bases for violent conflicts in the country.
The jos crisis, book haram terrorist attacks are examples of the various religious crises that have plagued the country in recent times. Suggested citation abdulkadir, abubakar, a diary of ethno religious crises in nigeria. The high rate of poverty is a common cause of religious crisis. Ethnoreligious conflicts and a nation in crisis punch. Nigeria has been deeply enmeshed and suffused in political and ethno religious conflicts characterized by genocidal attacks, bombing, maiming and killings of several persons, loss of business investments, and properties worth several billions of naira. It is essential to advert that both religious and ethnic causal agents have always acted together in the majority of social conflicts in nigeria. The methodology adopted is documentary survey and analysis done qualitatively, the major findings of the causes of crisis is as a result of destructions of farmers crops, cattle rustling, demographic climate change. Religious dogmatism, prejudice and conflict in nigeria ssrn. The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. Ethnic and religious issues form part of the most recurring phenomena in.
The crisis originated from the killing of a hausa woman. Since the emergence of the nascent democracy in 1999, nigeria has become a permanent flashpoint of violent clashes. Over the years, nigeria has been fertile ground for the perpetration of various acts of violence. Impact of ethnoreligious crises on socioeconomic activities. Apparently, the government itself is generating crises directly by failing to appreciate the peoples aspirations. Ethnocentrism and ethno political conflicts in northern nigeria. Professor of biblical studies mission and religion and society babcock university, ilishanremo, ogun state, nigeria email. Another ethnoreligious conflict that had far reaching impacts on the people of nigeria was the october 2000 lagoskano idiarabaokooba conflict which was caused by a misperception between the hausa inhabitants and the yoruba living in lagos over the use of a convenience by a man from hausa. Introduction nigeria has had a long and unfortunate history of communal conflicts and ethno religious violence. Economic management of ethnoreligious crises in nigeria.
This also is instrumental to the rise of ethno religious crisis in nigeria especially in democratic setting. An assessment of these crises, as well as their effects on the socioeconomic fabric of nigeria will be carried out, in a view to profer solutions. For example, in plateau state, in nigerias middle belt, there have been many outbreaks of bloody violence between different communities since the. The roots of nigeria s religious and ethnic conflict. Sometimes religious difference compounds the problem. At time it becomes difficult to categorize any crisis as ethnic or religious. The growing incidence of ethnoreligious crisis in nigeria is sufficiently worrisome to assert that the government that statutorily has responsibility for crisis management is not doing enough.
The igbo massacre of 1966 in the north that followed the countercoup of the same year had as a dual cause the igbo officers coup and preexisting sectarian tensions between the igbos and the local muslims. Causes, effects and solutions ethnic and religious issues form part of the most recurring phenomena in nigerias body politics. To preclude religious conflict in nigeria therefore, religious leaders and. Silencing the ethnoreligious insurgencies in nigeria. Mar 06, 2019 religious crisis in nigeria causes and solutions religious crisis in nigeria is prevalent, owing to a number of reasons. Ethnoreligious conflict in jos, plateau state, nigeria. Ethnoreligious crises in nigeria have attracted the attentions of academics, however, it appears most of these studies did not cover the war economies of these crises in depth, consequently, the main two motivating factors of this study were, one. A case study of langtang north lga of plateau state. Towards achieving ethnoreligious peaceful coexistence in. Towards achieving ethnoreligious peaceful coexistence in nigeria.
By muhammad gambo isgogo hassan adamu makuku umar hamidu aliyu abstract introduction nigeria is no doubt a populous nation of over 88 million 1991 population census but as at now nigerias population is estimated to be above 120 million people of diverse ethnic groups and many religions. This provided for the continued status and authority of traditional rulers, and islamic legal and religious institutions which is a root cause of existing ethnoregional rivalries. In the case of nigeria, the frequency of religious conflicts in the northern part between 1987 and 2011 has left adverse effects on the socioeconomic polity of the people. In each of the conflict phases, an attempt will be made to identify the elements, causes sources or drivers and conditions that encourage ethnoreligious conflict in nigeria, the dynamics or patterns of the conflict and the intervention mechanisms or deescalation techniques previously employed to resolve these kinds of conflict. For example, in plateau state, in nigeria s middle belt, there have been many outbreaks of bloody violence between different communities since the. This provided for the continued status and authority of traditional rulers, and islamic legal and religious institutions which is a root cause of existing ethno regional rivalries. From literature consulted the conflicts and unrest experienced in nigeria can be categorized into the followings. Causes, effects and solutions ethnic and religious issues form part of the most recurring. Nigeria is synonymous with deep divisions which cause major political issues to be. He argued that in nigeria, if a religious conflict starts anywhere, the igbo man will in one way or the other be made to bear an extra portion of the brunt of the conflict. Another ethno religious conflict that left a remarkable mark in nigeria was the kadunaenugu riots. The state which had hitherto been one of the most relatively peaceful in west africa has been deeply enmeshed and suffused in.
Analysts attempt to overcome this difficult by referring to such crises as ethno religious. Aug 08, 2009 by umar yusuf yola it is estimated that over one hundred thousand nigerians a a have lost their lives in ethnoreligious crisis that have engulfed the country since the enthronement of. The effects of religious crisis on economic development in nigeria olabimtan oladele e. This paper adopts a causal analysis approach in examining the ethno religious conflicts in nigeria and then takes a detour from this prevailing discourse to make a case for interdependent perspective that sees the three abrahamic faiths working together in different contexts. Causes of ethnoreligious crises in nigeria machava 2008. Ethnoreligious conflict at tusung village in barkin ladi lga, plateau state. The paper therefore examines the effects of ethno religious crisis on economic developmentwith special emphasis on boko haram and also identifying the root causes of ethno religious crisis in nigeria. This article is a discourse on the origins, causes, and consequences of communal and ethno religious crises in nigeria. From ethnic conflicts to religious conflicts to terrorist attacks, violence seems to be a neverending trend. Caueses of religious crisis in nigeria solutions causes of religious crisis in nigeria. There are two dominating religious groups in nigeria including, christianity and muslim religions. The paper concludes by suggesting how to curb ethno religious problems in nigeria in order to promote good governance. Feb 28, 2000 violent religious clashes broke out in the city of kaduna in northern nigeria on february 21 and have continued throughout the week.
Causal diagnoses and strategic recommendations table 1. Nigeria, as a nation, is bound by various ethnicities or ethnic groups, thus higazi noted that, the dominant discourses in the conflict refer to political exclusion on the basis of ethnicity and religion 14. The gruesome clashes among some of nigeria s disparate ethno religious groups have become a nightmare that haunts the country and constitute a threat to. Manifestation, effect and the aw y forardw nwaomah, s. This essay studies the indigenesettler tensions in jos, the capital of plateau state. Department of business administration, rufus giwa polytechnic, owo, ondo state email. Cases of such conflict can be considered ethno political in nature since their causes have direct or indirect connection with both ethnicity and. Mar 15, 2016 the gruesome clashes among some of nigerias disparate ethnoreligious groups have become a nightmare that haunts the country and constitute a threat to peaceful coexistence among nigerians. The paper argues that ethnoreligious crisis not only undermines the. Get free research paper on religious conflicts in kaduna state, muslims and christians as case studies and the role of religion in these conflicts our project topics and materials are suitable for students in nigeria with case studies in pdf, doc. Poor people have little or no access to proper education.
A major cause of what we now see as ethnoreligious conflicts in nigeria has to do with. Colonialism did not cause the primordial conditions and identities that. Otite 200 in his own view, opined that in a democratic situation ethnicity, and religious become weapons of power game as a symbolic difference and instrumental game of number. Ethnocentrism and ethnopolitical conflicts in northern. Download ethnoreligious conflict in nigeria by basil ugorji to read the full paper in pdf. It seems as if the presence of the military has a somewhat calmed down the situation, but the conflict. Literature shows that religious conflicts in nigeria has been attributed to various causes. Political and religious implications of herdsmen and. Within the space of eleven years, several violent political ethno religious conflicts have. Nigeria nigeria experiences civil unrest, violence and strikes. Ethnicity, religion, ethno religious conflict, integration, good governance.
Ethnic conflict is defined as any episode of sustained violent conflict in which national, ethnic, and religious or other communal minorities challenge governments to seek major changes in status. Nigeria s two major religions, islam and christianity, are sometimes depicted as monolithic entities that confront each other in. The situation is such that the religious crises tend to reinforce ethnic cleavages and rancor in the country. Religious conflicts in nigeria world socialist web site. Ethno religious crises simply occur as a result of religious intolerance. Mar 10, 2014 so deep were these religious and ethnic antagonisms that one northern nigerian muslim nationalist leader declared nigeria the mistake of 1914 while a prominent southern nigerian christian. Of these causes of internal population displacement, the conflict induced which could be ethnoreligious, interethnic, intra and inter communal and political appears to.
Analysts attempt to overcome this difficult by referring to such crises as ethnoreligious. If he manages to escape alive, his petrol station, his shop and his home will be burnt down or his life and all of them will go. The importance, how to, effect causes relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed. Major causes of ethno religious conflicts in nigeria unlike other forms of social conflicts, ethno religious conflict entails different ethnic groups that belong to different religions. Public statement, 70 causes of religious violence in northern nigeria.
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